The aim of this work was the production and characterization of binary, ternary and quaternary complexes based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Lippia sidoides essential oil (EO). OE:β-CD formulations at proportions of 1:10 to 2:10 (binary); added with surfactant or polymer (ternary) or with both (quaternary) were prepared and submitted to spray drying at optimized operating conditions (inlet gas temperature: 160 °C, drying gas flow rate: 60 m3/h; feed flow rate: 4 g/min; pressure and flow rate of the atomizing air: 2.5 kgf/cm2 and 17 lpm). The responses evaluated were the encapsulation efficiency (EE), powder properties, product morphology, and process efficiency (REC). The results showed that the addition of polymer and surfactant to β-CD, generating ternary and quaternary complexes improved the encapsulation efficiency, drying yield, and modify the particles morphology. Samples with lower EO: β-CD ratio (1:10) showed high encapsulation efficiency.

The total flavonoid content (TFC), total polyphenols content (TPC), and in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) of six Bidens pilosa L., Asteraceae, populations harvested from different localities were evaluated in this work. The plants were separated in roots, stems, and leaves/flowers, and the influence of extraction methods was investigated.Areversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) was developed and employed to obtain characteristic HPLC fingerprints of the bioactive compounds present in the extractive solutions, which were correlated with the TFC, TPC, and AA. Extractive solutions of leaves/flowers presented a higher AA when compared with those obtained from other parts of the plant (IC50 of 35.35±0.10 µg/mL). The stem extracts presented the lowest AA (IC50 117.2±1.96 µg/mL). A direct correlation of AA with TFC and TPC was evidenced. The highest AA was obtained by dynamic maceration and was statistically different from the AA presented by the extractive solutions obtained by other extraction methods. The results of this work evidenced differences that can be found at different stages of development of phytopharmaceutical preparations from B. pilosa and highlighted the importance of using the concentration of marker compounds as well as HPLC fingerprints as quality control parameters.